Laptop fan is loud all the time — how do I find what's causing it?

My laptop fan spins loudly even when I’m just browsing. Task manager shows nothing obvious eating the CPU.

How do you track down the real cause? Background indexing, dust, thermal paste, a stuck update process? What’s your diagnosis routine before concluding “it’s just old”?

A constantly-loud fan means constant heat, and finding the source takes 10 minutes: (1) open Task Manager / Activity Monitor and sort by CPU — a browser tab, an updater, or antivirus stuck at 20–30% CPU is the most common cause; (2) if CPU is genuinely idle but the fan still roars, it’s thermal: dust in the heatsink (a $5 can of compressed air fixes more laptops than any software) or dried thermal paste on machines 4+ years old; (3) check the basics — laptop on a blanket blocks intake vents, and a ‘quiet/balanced’ power profile setting is free to try. If it only started recently, an update-related background index (search indexer, cloud sync) often runs hot for a day or two and then settles.